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Polish Armed Forces in the East ((ポーランド語:Polskie Siły Zbrojne na Wschodzie)) (or ''Polish Army in USSR'') refers to military units composed of Poles created in the Soviet Union at the time when the territory of Poland was occupied by both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union in the Second World War. Broadly speaking, there were two such formations. The first was the Polish government-in-exile-loyal ''Anders Army'', created in the second half of 1941 after the German invasion of the USSR led to the 30 July 1941 Polish-Soviet Sikorski-Mayski Agreement declaring an amnesty for Polish citizens held captive in the USSR. In 1942 this formation was evacuated to Persia and transferred to the Western Allies, whereupon it became known as the Polish II Corps and went on to fight Nazi German forces in Italy, including at the Battle of Monte Cassino. Following this, the remaining Polish forces in USSR were reorganised into a Soviet-controlled Polish I Corps in the Soviet Union, which in turn was reorganised in 1944 into the Polish First Army (''Berling Army'') and Polish Second Army, both part of the Polish People's Army (''Ludowe Wojsko Polskie'', LWP). In 1944, the Polish People's Army was reorganised to become the military of the communist-ruled People's Republic of Poland. ==Anders Army: 1941-1942== After the German occupation of the eastern part of interwar Poland by that time effectively defeated by the German invasion, the Soviets effectively broke off diplomatic relations with the evacuated Polish government.〔See telegrams: (No. 317 ) of September 10: Schulenburg, the German ambassador in the Soviet Union, to the German Foreign Office. Moscow, September 10, 1939-9:40 p.m.; (No. 371 ) of September 16; (No. 372 ) of September 17 Source: The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Last accessed on 14 November 2006; (1939 wrzesień 17, Moskwa Nota rządu sowieckiego nie przyjęta przez ambasadora Wacława Grzybowskiego ) (Note of the Soviet government to the Polish government on 17 September 1939 refused by Polish ambassador Wacław Grzybowski). Last accessed on 15 November 2006.〕 Diplomatic relations were re-established in 1941 after the German invasion of the Soviet Union forced Soviet premier Joseph Stalin to look for allies. Thus the military agreement of August 14 and subsequent Sikorski-Maiski Agreement of August 17, 1941, resulted in Stalin agreeing to declare the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in relation to Poland null and void,〔"In relation to Poland the effects of the pact have been abrogated on the basis of the Sikorski-Maiski agreement". René Lefeber, Malgosia Fitzmaurice, ''The Changing Political Structure of Europe: aspects of International law'', Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, ISBN 0-7923-1379-8, (Google Print, p.101 )〕 and release tens of thousands of Polish prisoners-of-war held in Soviet camps. Pursuant to an agreement between the Polish government-in-exile and Stalin, the Soviets granted "amnesty" to many Polish citizens, from whom a military force was formed. General Władysław Sikorski, the leader of the London-based exiled government of Poland, nominated General Władysław Anders - one of the Polish officers held captive in the Soviet Union - as commander of this new formation. The formation began to organise in the Buzuluk area, and recruitment begun in the NKVD camps for Polish POWs. By the end of 1941 25,000 soldiers (including 1,000 officers) had been recruited, forming three infantry divisions: 5th, 6th and 7th. In the spring of 1942 the organising formation was moved to the area of Tashkent; the 8th and 9th divisions were also formed that year.〔Note that as there was no coordination between the Polish Armed Forces in the East and West, both formations shared numbers of some divisions, and divisions numbered 5 to 9 existed both within the Anders Army and Berling's First (1,2,3,4,6) and Second Armies (5,7,8,9,10).〕 In the second part of 1942, during the German Caucasus offensive (the most notable part of which was the Battle of Stalingrad), Stalin agreed to use the Polish formation on the Middle Eastern front; and the unit was transferred via the Persian Corridor to Pahlevi, Iran. As such, the unit passed from Soviet control to that of the British government, thus the Polish Second Corps joined the Polish Armed Forces in the West. About 77,000 combatants and 41,000 civilians - former Polish citizens - left the USSR with the Anders Army. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Polish Armed Forces in the East」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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